Review of EU Legal Acts
Directive on Cross-Border Mergers of Limited Liability Companies
This directive harmonizes the procedures for cross-border mergers between limited liability companies within the EU. It sets out requirements for:
* Draft terms of the cross-border merger.
* Reports by the administrative or management bodies.
* Independent expert reports.
* Shareholder approval.
* Protection of creditors and minority shareholders.
* Verification of legality.
Regulation on European Production Order and European Preservation Order for Electronic Evidence in Criminal Matters
This regulation establishes two new instruments to facilitate cross-border access to electronic evidence in criminal matters within the EU:
* European Production Order (EPO): An order issued by a judicial authority in one Member State to a service provider established or represented in another Member State, requiring the provider to produce specified electronic data.
* European Preservation Order (EPO): An order issued by a judicial authority in one Member State to a service provider established or represented in another Member State, requiring the provider to preserve specified electronic data.
The regulation sets out:
* Conditions for issuing and executing EPOs and EPOs.
* Obligations of service providers.
* Safeguards for fundamental rights.
Regulation Laying Down Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act)
The AI Act establishes a legal framework for artificial intelligence in the EU. It classifies AI systems based on risk:
* Unacceptable risk AI: Prohibited outright (e.g., AI systems that manipulate human behavior to circumvent free will).
* High-risk AI: Subject to strict requirements before being placed on the market (e.g., AI used in critical infrastructure, education, employment, law enforcement). These requirements include data governance, transparency, human oversight, accuracy, robustness, and cybersecurity.
* Limited-risk AI: Subject to transparency obligations (e.g., chatbots).
* Minimal-risk AI:
