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Here’s a summary of the EU legal acts, focusing on their core content:
* **European Chips Act:** This act aims to bolster the EU’s semiconductor industry. It seeks to increase Europe’s share of global chip production, strengthen research and innovation in the field, and address potential supply chain disruptions. It includes measures to support large-scale chip manufacturing facilities, foster collaboration between member states, and enhance skills development in the semiconductor sector.
* **Regulation on deforestation-free products:** The core of this regulation prohibits the placing or making available on the EU market of products that have contributed to deforestation or forest degradation after a specified date. Companies will be required to conduct due diligence to ensure that their products (initially focusing on commodities like soy, beef, palm oil, wood, cocoa, coffee, and rubber) are deforestation-free.
* **Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence:** This directive mandates that companies conduct due diligence to identify, prevent, mitigate, and account for adverse human rights and environmental impacts in their own operations, their subsidiaries, and their value chains. It establishes obligations for companies regarding their own operations, the operations of their subsidiaries, and the operations of their business partners.
* **Regulation on digital services (Digital Services Act – DSA):** The DSA sets out rules for online platforms, especially very large online platforms (VLOPs) and very large online search engines (VLOSEs), regarding illegal content, transparency, and user protection. It introduces obligations for platforms to address illegal content and activities, provide transparency about their algorithms and content moderation policies, and protect users’ fundamental rights online.
* **Regulation on digital markets (Digital Markets Act – DMA):** The DMA targets “gatekeeper” platforms (large digital platforms that control access to important digital services) to prevent them from engaging in anti-competitive practices. It establishes a set of do’s and don’ts for these gatekeepers, aimed at ensuring fair competition in digital markets and preventing them from abusing their market power.
* **AI Act:** This act establishes a legal framework for artificial intelligence, categorizing AI systems based on their risk level. It prohibits AI systems that pose an unacceptable risk, such as those that manipulate human behavior or enable social scoring. High-risk AI systems, like those used in critical infrastructure or education, are subject to strict requirements, including data governance, transparency, and human oversight. AI Act promotes innovation while ensuring safety and protecting fundamental rights.
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