I am ready to provide legal analysis of EU legislative acts. Please provide the text of the acts you want me to analyze.
Review of each of legal acts published today:
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1774 of 28 August 2025 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1078 as regards strategic investments in the field of defence set out in the investment guidelines for the InvestEU Fund
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2589 of 18 December 2025 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of choline chloride originating in the People’s Republic of China
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2629 of 18 December 2025 amending Annexes I and II to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/594 laying down special control measures for African swine fever and repealing Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/2489 concerning certain interim emergency measures relating to African swine fever in Spain
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2603 of 12 December 2025 amending Regulation (EC) No 1484/95 as regards fixing representative prices in the poultrymeat and egg sectors and for egg albumin
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2581 of 18 December 2025 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2144 making imports of pea protein originating in the People’s Republic of China subject to registration
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2576 of 18 December 2025 concerning the authorisation of a preparation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32324, Bacillus subtilis DSM 32325 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 25840 as a feed additive for all poultry species for laying or for breeding (holder of authorisation: Chr. Hansen A/S) and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1762 as regards the terms of the authorisation of a preparation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32324, Bacillus subtilis DSM 32325 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 25840 as a feed additive for all poultry species for fattening or reared for laying or reared for breeding
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2566 of 18 December 2025 concerning the authorisation of L-lysine sulphate and L-lysine monohydrochloride produced with Corynebacterium glutamicum CGMCC 7.453 as feed additives for all animal species
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2615 of 17 December 2025 amending Annex II to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/403 as regards the model animal health certificate and the model declaration for the re-entry into the Union of registered horses for competition
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2606 of 18 December 2025 setting out the format of Member State reports on the implementation of Directive 2009/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2590 of 18 December 2025 concerning the authorisation of L-valine produced with Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80365 as a feed additive for all animal species
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2575 of 18 December 2025 withdrawing from the market certain feed additives
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2592 of 17 December 2025 for the application of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards fair use, based on typical usage patterns, and anti-fraud measures for intra-EU communications
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2556 of 17 December 2025 concerning the authorisation of a preparation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 25376 and endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 26469 as a feed additive for chickens for laying or breeding, turkeys for breeding, minor poultry species for fattening and minor poultry species for laying or breeding (holder of authorisation: Kaesler Nutrition GmbH) and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1090 as regards the terms of the authorisation of the preparation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 25376 and endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 26469 as a feed additive for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2553 of 17 December 2025 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1147 as regards administrative changes to the Union authorisation for the single biocidal product ClearKlens product based on IPA
Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/2573 of 18 December 2025 amending Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 as regards the test methods, to adapt them to technical progress
Council Regulation (EU) 2025/2618 of 18 December 2025 amending Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia’s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine
Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 18 December 2025.SIA „EUROPARK LATVIA” and SKIDATA GmbH v Valsts ieņēmumu dienests.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Industrial policy – Information procedure in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on Information Society services – Directive (EU) 2015/1535 – Concept of ‘technical regulation’ – National rule requiring the provision of the source code of software registered in the database of the tax authority to a body responsible for assessing the conformity of fiscal technical requirements – Article 34 TFEU – Measure having equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction on imports – Principle of proportionality.Case C-353/24.
Arrêt de la Cour (neuvième chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#Société générale contre Banque centrale européenne.#Pourvoi – Politique économique et monétaire – Surveillance prudentielle des établissements de crédit – Mécanisme de surveillance unique – Règlement (UE) no 1024/2013 – Missions spécifiques de surveillance confiées à la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) – Article 4 – Fixation des exigences prudentielles – Article 16 – Risque lié aux engagements de paiement irrévocables (EPI) souscrits en faveur des systèmes de garantie des dépôts et des fonds de résolution – Déduction intégrale des sommes versées en tant que garantie des EPI des fonds propres de base de catégorie 1 – Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la BCE – Contrôle juridictionnel.#Affaire C-550/24 P.
Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.CJ v Service fédéral des Pensions (SFP).Reference for a preliminary ruling – Officials – Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union – Annex VIII – Pensions – Pension rights acquired before entry into the service of the European Union – Transfer to the pension scheme of the European Union institutions – Transfer request of the worker – Irrevocability of that transfer – Unjust enrichment.Case C-776/24.
Arrêt de la Cour (quatrième chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#Pesticide Action Network Europe (PAN Europe) contre Commission européenne.#Pourvoi – Agriculture – Produits phytopharmaceutiques – Article 4 – Règlement (CE) no 1107/2009 – Règlement d’exécution (UE) 2021/2049 – Renouvellement de l’approbation de la substance active “cyperméthrine” – Demande de réexamen interne – Règlement (CE) no 1367/2006 – Article 10, paragraphe 1 – Décision de rejet de la demande – Évaluation et gestion des risques – Identification de domaines critiques de préoccupation – Conditions réalistes d’utilisation – Principe de précaution.#Affaire C-316/24 P.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.OSA, z.s., anciennement OSA – Ochranný svaz autorský pro práva k dílům hudebním, z.s. v Úřad pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Competition – Article 102 TFEU – Abuse of dominant position – Collective management organisation handling copyright – Rates for royalties for the provision of a licence to make copyrighted works available – Hotel establishments – Calculation method – Failure to take into account the rate of occupancy of rooms – Unfair prices.Case C-161/24.
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Alaa Hamoudi v European Border and Coast Guard Agency.Appeal – Common policy on asylum and immigration – Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 – European integrated management of the European Union’s external borders – European Border and Coast Guard – European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) – Frontex’s obligations relating to the protection of fundamental rights – Practices of pushback to a third country in the Aegean Sea region – Non‑contractual liability of Frontex – Actual and certain damage – Burden of proof – Effective judicial protection – Prima facie evidence – Duty of the General Court of the European Union to investigate the case.Case C-136/24 P.
Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten v AB Storstockholms Lokaltrafik.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Articles 13 and 14 – Scope – Personal data collected by means of body cameras worn by ticket inspectors on public transport – Legal basis for the obligation on the data controller to provide information to the data subject.Case C-422/24.
Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Deity Shoes, S.L. v Mundorama Confort, S.L. and Stay Design, S.L.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Intellectual property – Community designs – Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 – Articles 4 to 6 and 14 – Conditions for the protection of a design – Novelty – Individual character – Visual characteristics predetermined by a third party – Freedom of the designer in developing the design – Concept of ‘informed user’ – Influence of features linked to fashion trends.Case C-323/24.
Arrêt de la Cour (neuvième chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#Crédit agricole SA e.a. contre Banque centrale européenne.#Pourvoi – Politique économique et monétaire – Surveillance prudentielle des établissements de crédit – Mécanisme de surveillance unique – Règlement (UE) no 1024/2013 – Missions spécifiques de surveillance confiées à la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) – Article 4 – Fixation des exigences prudentielles – Article 16 – Risque lié aux engagements de paiement irrévocables (EPI) souscrits en faveur des systèmes de garantie des dépôts et des fonds de résolution – Déduction intégrale des sommes versées en tant que garantie des EPI des fonds propres de base de catégorie 1 – Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la BCE – Contrôle juridictionnel.#Affaire C-548/24 P.
Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (AGCOM) v BRT SpA and Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Postal parcel delivery services provided to the public – Directive 97/67/EC – Articles 22 and 22a – Regulation (EU) 2018/644 – Article 4 – Decision of the national regulatory authority imposing on parcel delivery service providers obligations to provide information – Legal basis for the competence of that authority to impose specific obligations to provide information on operators not carrying out cross-border parcel delivery – Proportionality.Case C-345/24.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Amazon EU Sàrl v Ministre de la Culture and Ministre de l’Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Internal market – Freedom to provide services – Free movement of goods – Protection or promotion of cultural diversity – Home delivery of books service – National measure providing for a minimum charge in respect of such a service – Directive 2006/123/EC – Applicability – Relationship with Articles 34 and 56 TFEU.Case C-366/24.
Urteil des Gerichtshofs (Vierte Kammer) vom 18. Dezember 2025.#E. sp.j. gegen C. sp. z o.o.#Vorlage zur Vorabentscheidung – Richtlinie 2011/7/EU – Bekämpfung von Zahlungsverzug im Geschäftsverkehr – Art. 3 Abs. 1 und Abs. 3 Buchst. a – Zinsen bei Zahlungsverzug – Art. 6 Abs. 1 und 2 – Entschädigung für Beitreibungskosten – Voraussetzungen – Nationale Regelung, die eine Aufrechnung gegenseitiger Forderungen durch rückwirkende Erklärung vorsieht – Gleichzeitiges Erlöschen der Forderungen bis zur niedrigsten Forderung – Auswirkungen auf Zinsen und Entschädigung.#Rechtssache C-481/24.
Arrêt de la Cour (deuxième chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#Commission européenne contre Royaume d’Espagne.#Manquement d’État – Article 258 TFUE – Directive 91/271/CEE – Collecte et traitement des eaux urbaines résiduaires – Articles 3 à 5 et 15 – Actualisation de la charge polluante générée par les agglomérations, exprimée en équivalent habitant (EH) – Rejet.#Affaire C-433/23.
Arrêt de la Cour (première chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#RB, en qualité d’ayant droit de Claude Chabrol e.a. contre Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques (SACD) e.a.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Propriété intellectuelle – Droit d’auteur et droits voisins – Directive 2001/29/CE – Articles 2 à 4 et 8 – Directive 2004/48/CE – Articles 1er à 3 – Directive 2006/115/CE – Directive 2006/116/CE – Articles 1er, 2 et 9 – Articles 17 et 47 de la charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne – Voies de recours – Droit à un recours effectif – Réglementation nationale subordonnant la recevabilité d’une action en contrefaçon exercée par l’un des cotitulaires du droit d’auteur d’une œuvre cinématographique à la mise en cause de tous les cotitulaires de ce droit.#Affaire C-182/24.
Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.AF, en son nom propre et en qualité de personne exerçant la responsabilité parentale sur l’enfant mineur BF v Ministero dell’Interno – U.T.G. – Prefettura di Milano.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Asylum policy – Directive 2013/33/EU – Applicants for international protection – Article 7 – Place of residence – Article 18 – Material reception conditions – Housing – Accommodation centres – Transfer – Applicant’s refusal – Article 20(1)(a) – Reduction of material reception conditions or withdrawal of that benefit in exceptional and duly justified cases – Abandonment of the place of residence without informing the competent authority or without permission – Article 20(4) – Serious breaches of the rules of the accommodation centre – Article 20(5) – Proportionality – Dignified standard of living – Article 21 – Applicants falling within the category of vulnerable persons – Article 23 – Minors – Power of a Member State to withdraw material reception conditions if the applicant refuses to be transferred to another accommodation centre.Case C-184/24.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Mara soc. coop. arl v Ministero della Difesa and Gruppo Samir Global Service Srl.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Public procurement – Mixed procurement involving defence – Services directly linked to military equipment – Directive 2009/81/EC – Directive 2014/24/EU – Determining the applicable directive – Contract award criteria – Third subparagraph of Article 67(2) – Prohibition on using price as the sole award criterion – Proportionality – Public contracts for labour-intensive services.Case C-769/23.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.PMJC SAS v [W] [X] and Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Trade marks – Directive 2008/95/EC – Article 12(2)(b) – Directive (EU) 2015/2436 – Article 20(b) – Grounds for revocation of a mark – Trade mark liable to mislead the public as a result of the use made of it – Trade mark corresponding to the name of a fashion designer – Assignment of the trade mark – Use of the trade mark in such a way as to make the public actually believe that the designer is still involved in the design of the goods bearing the trade mark – Misled belief.Case C-168/24.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.« Lukoil Bulgaria » EOOD and « Lukoil Neftohim Burgas » AD v Komisia za zashtita na konkurentsiata.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Competition – Article 102 TFEU – Abuse of a dominant position – Market for the storage of automotive fuels – Abuse – Refusal of access to essential infrastructure for third-party undertakings – Infrastructure financed by public funds – Privatisation of that infrastructure.Case C-245/24.
Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Nicoventures Trading Ltd and Others v European Commission.Appeal – Public health – Heated tobacco products – Withdrawal of certain exemptions – Delegated Directive (EU) 2022/2100 – Action for annulment – Standing – Fourth paragraph of Article 263 TFEU – Condition that the applicant must be individually concerned by the contested act – Limited class of economic operators – Reporting and notification obligations – Marketing authorisation.Case C-731/23 P.
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Slagelse Almennyttige Boligselskab Afdeling Schackenborgvænge and Others v MV and Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin – Directive 2000/43/EC – Concepts of ‘ethnic origin’, ‘direct discrimination’ and ‘indirect discrimination’ – National legislation requiring the adoption of development plans designed to reduce the percentage of public family housing units in certain residential areas – Identification of those areas according to the proportion of ‘immigrants from non-Western countries and their descendants’ – Whether justified – Social cohesion and integration – Housing policy – Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right to respect for the home – Proportionality.Case C-417/23.
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.European Commission v Republic of Poland.Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations – Article 2 TEU – Article 4(3) TEU – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Rule of law – Effective judicial protection in the fields covered by Union law – Principles of autonomy, primacy, effectiveness and the uniform application of EU law – Principle of the binding effect of the case-law of the Court – Judgments of the Trybunał Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court, Poland) – Judgments of the Court and interim measures under Article 279 TFEU relating to the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Rejection by the Trybunał Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court) of those judgments and of those measures as ultra vires – National constitutional identity – Prohibition issued by the Trybunał Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court) preventing all public authorities from applying Article 2 TEU and the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Requirement of an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law – Improper composition of the Trybunał Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court).Case C-448/23.
Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 18 December 2025.H (ved DRC Dansk Flygtningehjælp) v Udlændingestyrelsen.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Article 29(1) – Transfer time limit – Determination of the starting point of the six-month time limit – Bringing of an appeal with suspensive effect – New circumstance brought to the attention of the judicial authority before which that appeal was brought – Annulment of the initial transfer decision and remittal of the case to the competent administrative authority – Adoption of a second transfer decision which is also the subject of an action for annulment – Consequences for the calculation of the transfer time limit.Case C-560/23.
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Slagelse Almennyttige Boligselskab Afdeling Schackenborgvænge and Others v MV and Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin – Directive 2000/43/EC – Concepts of ‘ethnic origin’, ‘direct discrimination’ and ‘indirect discrimination’ – National legislation requiring the adoption of development plans designed to reduce the percentage of public family housing units in certain residential areas – Identification of those areas according to the proportion of ‘immigrants from non-Western countries and their descendants’ – Whether justified – Social cohesion and integration – Housing policy – Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right to respect for the home – Proportionality.Case C-417/23.
Arrêt de la Cour (neuvième chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#Confédération nationale du Crédit mutuel e.a. contre Banque centrale européenne.#Pourvoi – Politique économique et monétaire – Surveillance prudentielle des établissements de crédit – Mécanisme de surveillance unique – Règlement (UE) no 1024/2013 – Missions spécifiques de surveillance confiées à la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) – Article 4 – Fixation des exigences prudentielles – Article 16 – Risque lié aux engagements de paiement irrévocables (EPI) souscrits en faveur des systèmes de garantie des dépôts et des fonds de résolution – Déduction intégrale des sommes versées en tant que garantie des EPI des fonds propres de base de catégorie 1 – Pouvoir discrétionnaire de la BCE – Contrôle juridictionnel.#Affaire C-552/24 P.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.HG v Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale di Firenze.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Directive 2014/41/EU – European Investigation Order in criminal matters – Article 3 – Material scope – Concept of ‘investigative measure’ – Purpose – Obtaining evidence – Article 10 – Recourse to a different type of investigative measure – Article 11 – Grounds for non-recognition or non-execution – Fundamental rights – Article 22 – Temporary transfer to the issuing State of the person held in custody for the purpose of carrying out an investigative measure – Article 24 – Hearing of the accused person by videoconference – Article 24(2)(b) – Fundamental principles of the law of the executing Member State.Case C-325/24.
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.WS and Others v European Border and Coast Guard Agency.Appeal – Common policy on asylum and immigration – Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 – European integrated border management of the external borders of the European Union – European Border and Coast Guard – European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) – Frontex’s obligations to protect fundamental rights – Joint return operation coordinated by Frontex – Frontex’s non-contractual liability – Causal link between the breach of such obligations and the damage suffered.Case C-679/23 P.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.« Lukoil Bulgaria » EOOD v Komisia za zashtita na konkurentsiata.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Competition – Article 102 TFEU – Abuse of a dominant position – Wholesale market for fuel in Bulgaria – Margin squeeze on competitors – Product market definition – Vertically divided market – Taking into account the excise duty regime.Case C-260/24.
Arrêt de la Cour (neuvième chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#S.A.S. Tenergie Development contre Directeur Régional des Douanes de Marseille e.a.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Union douanière – Procédures d’importation et d’exportation – Remboursement ou remise des droits à l’importation ou à l’exportation – Transmission du dossier de demande de remise à la Commission européenne – Remise automatique des droits – Responsabilité de l’État membre – Irrecevabilité de la demande de décision préjudicielle.#Affaire C-259/24.
Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.CR and TP v Soledil Srl, sous concordat préventif.Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Directive 93/13/EEC – Article 6(1) and Article 7(1) of that directive – Power of review and obligations of the national court – Penalty clause – No review of the court’s own motion of whether that term is unfair – Res judicata – Principle of effectiveness – Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Reliance on the unfairness of a contractual term before a court to which the case has been remitted following cassation.Case C-320/24.
Arrêt de la Cour (quatrième chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#SM e.a. contre Caisse pour l’avenir des enfants.#Renvoi préjudiciel – Article 45 TFUE – Libre circulation des travailleurs – Égalité de traitement – Règlement (UE) no 492/2011 – Article 7, paragraphe 2 – Avantages sociaux – Allocation familiale – Condition d’octroi de cette allocation à un travailleur non-résident pour un enfant de son conjoint ou de son partenaire enregistré – Exigence selon laquelle ce travailleur doit “pourvoir à l’entretien” de cet enfant – Critères d’appréciation – Présomption fondée sur l’existence d’un domicile commun – Directive 2004/38/CE – Article 2, point 2, sous c) – Notion de “membre de la famille”.#Affaires jointes C-296/24 à C-306/24.
Decision No 1/2025 of the Trade Committee of 25 October 2025 amending Article 19.3(3) and (5) of the Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and New Zealand concerning amendment to the International Labour Organization (ILO) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and the inclusion of a safe and healthy working environment in the ILO’s framework of fundamental principles and rights at work [2025/2602]
