The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled on the case of Nikolayenko v. Ukraine concerning the applicant's confinement in a metal cage during court hearings in 2019. The Court found that Ukraine violated Article 3 of the Convention (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) by placing the applicant, who was serving a life sentence,…
The case concerns a property dispute between the Federation of Trade Unions of Chernihiv Region and the Ukrainian state over a building constructed during Soviet times. The Court found a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention (protection of property).The key aspects of the decision are:The Court found that depriving the…
This Decision amends the Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin, introducing transitional provisions for the new set of modernized rules that will come into force on January 1, 2025. The act ensures continuity in trade relations between Contracting Parties during the transition period.The Decision introduces several key changes to the Convention's structure. It…
This Decision amends the Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin regarding the electronic issuance of movement certificates. It establishes a legal framework for the transition from paper-based to electronic movement certificates in preferential trade between Contracting Parties. The Decision is aimed at maintaining and formalizing the successful digital practices that emerged during the…
This judgment concerns the interpretation of provisions of the GDPR regarding handling of complaints by data protection supervisory authorities. The key points are:Essence of the act: The Court of Justice clarified how supervisory authorities should handle potentially excessive complaints under the GDPR, specifically interpreting Article 57(4) regarding charging fees or refusing to act on requests.Structure…
This is a Commission Implementing Regulation imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of mobile access equipment (MAE) originating from China. The regulation establishes duties ranging from 20.6% to 54.9% on different Chinese manufacturers after finding evidence of dumping that caused material injury to the EU industry.The regulation defines MAE as self-propelled equipment designed for lifting…
This is a Commission Implementing Regulation imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of titanium dioxide (TiO2) originating from China. The regulation establishes fixed duties per kg ranging from 0.25 to 0.74 EUR to protect EU producers from dumped Chinese imports that were found to be causing material injury to the EU industry.The regulation has the…
This is a Commission Implementing Regulation imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of suspension polyvinyl chloride (S-PVC) originating in Egypt and the United States. The duties aim to protect EU producers from dumped imports that were found to be causing material injury to the EU industry.The regulation establishes definitive anti-dumping duties ranging from 58% to…
The Council Directive (EU) 2025/50 establishes a new framework for faster and safer relief of excess withholding taxes on cross-border investments in the EU. The directive aims to make withholding tax procedures more efficient while strengthening protections against tax fraud and abuse.The key elements of the directive include:Introduction of a digital tax residence certificate (eTRC)…
This UN Regulation No. 155 establishes uniform provisions for vehicle cyber security and cyber security management systems (CSMS). It sets requirements for vehicle manufacturers to implement comprehensive cybersecurity measures throughout a vehicle's lifecycle - from development through production and post-production phases.The regulation applies to vehicles of categories L, M, N and O that have at…
This UN Regulation No. 79 establishes uniform provisions for the approval of vehicle steering equipment. Here are the key points:The regulation covers steering systems for vehicles of categories M, N and O, including advanced driver assistance steering functions and automated driving systems. The main provisions include:1. Requirements for basic steering system construction and performance, including…
This Directive amends EU company law to expand and upgrade the use of digital tools and processes. Here are the key aspects:The Directive introduces several major changes to EU company law:Establishes mandatory preventive controls and legality checks for company documents and information before they are entered into business registers Creates an EU Company Certificate that…
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled on the case of Nikolayenko v. Ukraine concerning the applicant's confinement in a metal cage during court hearings in 2019. The Court found that Ukraine violated Article 3 of the Convention (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) by placing the applicant, who was serving a life sentence,…
The case concerns a property dispute between the Federation of Trade Unions of Chernihiv Region and the Ukrainian state over a building constructed during Soviet times. The Court found a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention (protection of property).The key aspects of the decision are:The Court found that depriving the…
This Decision amends the Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin, introducing transitional provisions for the new set of modernized rules that will come into force on January 1, 2025. The act ensures continuity in trade relations between Contracting Parties during the transition period.The Decision introduces several key changes to the Convention's structure. It…
This Decision amends the Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin regarding the electronic issuance of movement certificates. It establishes a legal framework for the transition from paper-based to electronic movement certificates in preferential trade between Contracting Parties. The Decision is aimed at maintaining and formalizing the successful digital practices that emerged during the…
This Regulation establishes a new EU-wide system for collecting and transferring advance passenger information (API) from air carriers to law enforcement authorities for preventing and investigating terrorist offences and serious crime. It creates a centralized router managed by eu-LISA to facilitate secure data transfer between airlines and national Passenger Information Units (PIUs).The Regulation has 9…
This is a comprehensive amendment to the Solvency II Directive (2009/138/EC) that introduces significant changes to the insurance regulatory framework in the EU. Here are the key aspects:1. The Directive aims to improve risk-based and harmonized prudential rules for the insurance and reinsurance sector, addressing weaknesses identified in the previous framework while maintaining its core…
This Directive establishes a comprehensive framework for the recovery and resolution of insurance and reinsurance undertakings in the EU. It aims to ensure orderly resolution of failing insurers while protecting policyholders and maintaining financial stability. The Directive introduces tools and powers for authorities to intervene early and resolve insurers in an orderly way.The Directive's structure…
This Regulation establishes a new EU-wide system for collecting and transferring advance passenger information (API) from air carriers to border authorities. It creates a centralized router managed by eu-LISA to facilitate secure data transmission and sets uniform requirements for airlines regarding passenger data collection. The Regulation aims to enhance external border checks and combat illegal…
