Analysis of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2551
This regulation provides the framework for accrediting verifiers who will assess the embedded emissions in goods imported into the EU under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Think of it as setting up the quality control system for emissions data. The regulation outlines who can be a verifier, how they get accredited, and how they are overseen. It also ensures that verifiers accredited in one EU country are recognized in others.
Key elements:
- Accreditation Scope: Defines specific areas for which verifiers can be accredited based on CBAM activity groups.
- Verifier Requirements: Sets out the necessary competencies and procedures for verifiers.
- Mutual Recognition: Promotes recognition of accredited verifiers across EU Member States.
- Information Exchange: Mandates the sharing of information between various bodies to ensure system oversight.
- Peer Evaluation: Requires regular evaluation of national accreditation bodies.
Important Sections: Article 2 and Annex II (scope and verifier competence), Article 3 (accreditation requests), Article 9 (suspension/withdrawal of accreditation), Article 23 (mutual recognition), and Chapter III (verifier oversight).
Analysis of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2030
This regulation standardizes the data collection on work organization, working time, accidents, and work-related health issues across the EU. It supplements existing legislation on European statistics by specifying which data points Member States must collect every eight years. Essentially, it ensures that everyone is measuring the same things to get a clear picture of working conditions across the Union.
Key elements:
- Standardized Variables: Defines specific variables for data collection on work organization, working time, accidents, and work-related health problems.
- Harmonized Data: Aims to ensure comparable and reliable data across the EU.
Important Section: The Annex, which lists all the specific variables to be collected for each domain.
Analysis of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1999
This regulation sets the schedule for European statistics on persons and households data collection from 2029 to 2036. It’s essentially a timetable outlining when Member States need to collect data on various topics like health, education, and technology use. This ensures data is collected consistently over time, providing a reliable basis for EU policies.
Key elements:
- Multi-annual Planning: Establishes a schedule for data collection over several years.
- Comprehensive Scope: Covers various domains, including health, education, and use of technology.
Important Section: Annex I, which details the specific years for data collection for various domains and groups, and Annex II which outlines groupings of topics.
Analysis of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2620
This regulation provides the detailed rules for calculating how many CBAM certificates importers need to surrender, taking into account free allowances allocated under the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). Think of it as the equation to ensure imported goods are treated similarly to EU goods during the transition to full CBAM implementation, preventing EU industries from being unfairly disadvantaged.
Key elements:
- Free Allocation Adjustment: Calculates the reduction in CBAM certificates needed due to free ETS allowances.
- Specific Formulas: Provides detailed equations for calculating the adjustment.
- CBAM Benchmarks: Includes benchmark values for various goods to simplify calculations.
Important Sections: The Formulas for Calculating Free Allocation Adjustment (Equation 1) and Specific Embedded Free Allocation (Equations 2, 3, 4 and 6), CBAM Benchmark Values (Section 5 of the Annex), distinction Between Actual Data and Default Values and rules for Precursors.
Analysis of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2549
This regulation amends the rules regarding authorized CBAM declarants, those responsible for importing goods covered by CBAM. It adapts existing rules to reflect changes made to CBAM by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083, streamlining the process and easing administrative burdens.
Key elements:
- Streamlined Procedures: Simplifies the process for granting and revoking authorized declarant status.
- Extended Deadlines: Provides more time for submitting CBAM declarations.
- Digital Information Retrieval: Allows competent authorities to digitally access relevant information.
Important provisions: The consultation procedure for granting and revoking CBAM declarant status, extended deadline for submitting CBAM declarations, and the digital retrieval of information.
Analysis of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2550
This regulation updates the rules governing the CBAM registry to align with changes made by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). It enables delegation of CBAM declaration submissions, establishes rules for verifier registration, and introduces a single mass-based threshold.
Key elements:
- Delegation of Submissions: Allows authorized declarants to delegate the submission of CBAM declarations.
- Verifier Registration: Sets rules for registering verifiers in the CBAM registry.
- Single Mass-Based Threshold: Introduces a unified threshold for monitoring.
Important provisions: The amendments related to the registration and access for independent persons (verifiers), the delegation of submission rights for CBAM declarations, customs authorities’ access to the registry.
Analysis of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2547
This regulation provides the detailed methods for calculating emissions embedded in goods imported into the EU under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). It aims to ensure accurate emission calculations, prevent circumvention, and enhance verifiability while minimizing administrative burdens.
Key elements:
- Emissions Calculation: Specifies methods for calculating embedded emissions.
- Monitoring Methodology: Details the requirements for monitoring emissions at the installation level.
- System Boundaries: Defines the system boundaries for calculating emissions.
Important provisions: System Boundaries and Production Processes (Article 3 and 4), Monitoring Methodology (Article 5 and Annex II), Attribution of Emissions (Article 6 and Annex III), Use of Actual vs. Default Values (Articles 7, 8 and 11), Operator’s Emissions Report (Article 10 and Annex IV), Rules for Complex Goods (Articles 13, 14 and 15).
Analysis of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2548
This regulation establishes the rules for calculating and publishing the price of CBAM certificates, ensuring that these prices reflect the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) prices. This alignment is crucial for preventing carbon leakage and supporting the overall functioning of CBAM.
Key elements:
- Price Calculation Methodology: Details how CBAM certificate prices will be calculated based on EU ETS auction clearing prices.
- Information Access: Ensures access to relevant information for price calculation.
- Publication of Prices: Mandates the Commission to publish the calculated CBAM certificate prices.
Important provisions: Methodologies for calculating the price of CBAM certificates for 2026 (Article 1) and from 2027 onwards (Article 5). The requirements for auction platforms to provide information to the Commission (Articles 2 and 6) and the publication of CBAM certificate prices by the Commission (Articles 4 and 8)
Analysis of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2619
This regulation defines how customs authorities will communicate information related to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to the European Commission. The aim is to ensure that the Commission has the necessary data to verify information provided by authorized CBAM declarants and to effectively monitor CBAM.
Key elements:
- Data Reporting: Specifies the data customs authorities must provide to the CBAM registry.
- Communication Means: Outlines the methods for transmitting this data, primarily through existing surveillance mechanisms.
- Timeframe: Sets deadlines for providing the required information.
Important provisions: Detailing the specific data that customs authorities must communicate (Article 2) and the means and timelines for doing so (Articles 3 and 4). Additionally, the provisions regarding inward processing (Article 5) and goods brought to the continental shelf (Article 7)
Analysis of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2639
This regulation updates the lists of third countries authorized to export poultry, germinal products, and fresh meat to the EU. The updates are necessary due to recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Key elements:
- Updated Annexes: Modifies Annexes V and XIV of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/404.
- Import Restrictions: Adds or removes import restrictions based on the HPAI situation in specific zones.
Important provisions: Specific changes to the lists in Annexes V and XIV and the effective date of the regulation.
Analysis of Regulation (EU) 2025/2611
This regulation strengthens Europol’s role in combating migrant smuggling and human trafficking. It reinforces Europol’s ability to support Member States in these areas, enhancing police cooperation and information exchange across the EU.
Key elements:
- European Centre Against Migrant Smuggling: Establishes a permanent center within Europol to combat migrant smuggling.
- Enhanced Information Exchange: Emphasizes the use of SIENA and encourages Member States to share relevant information.
- Expanded Tasks: Expands Europol’s tasks to include biometric data processing and support for EMPACT.
Important provisions: The establishment of the European Centre Against Migrant Smuggling, emphasis on the use of SIENA, and the expansion of Europol’s objectives.
Review of each of legal acts published today:
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2551 of 20 November 2025 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the conditions for granting accreditation to verifiers, for the control and oversight of accredited verifiers, for the withdrawal of accreditation and for mutual recognition and peer evaluation of accreditation bodies
Here’s a breakdown of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2551:
This regulation supplements Regulation (EU) 2023/956, which establishes the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). It focuses on specifying the conditions for granting accreditation to verifiers who will assess the embedded emissions in goods imported into the EU. The regulation also outlines the control and oversight of these accredited verifiers, the process for withdrawing accreditation, and the rules for mutual recognition and peer evaluation of accreditation bodies. Ultimately, it aims to ensure that the verification of embedded emissions is reliable and consistent across the EU.
The regulation is structured into five chapters and two annexes:
* **Chapter I (General Provisions):** Defines key terms used within the regulation, such as “verifier,” “verification,” “scope of accreditation,” and different types of risks associated with the verification process.
* **Chapter II (Granting and Withdrawal of Accreditation):** Details the procedures for national accreditation bodies to assess applicants, the requirements for accreditation requests, and the grounds for suspension or withdrawal of accreditation. It also specifies competence requirements for assessors and technical experts involved in the accreditation process.
* **Chapter III (Control and Oversight of Accredited Verifiers):** Focuses on the ongoing control of verifiers, including annual surveillance and extraordinary assessments. It also establishes rules for information exchange between verifiers, national accreditation bodies, competent authorities, and the Commission to ensure effective oversight.
* **Chapter IV (Mutual Recognition and Peer Evaluation of Accreditation Bodies):** Sets out the framework for mutual recognition of verifiers accredited by different national accreditation bodies, based on successful peer evaluation. It also defines the peer evaluation process and the consequences of unsatisfactory outcomes.
* **Chapter V (Final Provisions):** Contains the entry into force and application date of the regulation.
* **Annex I:** Lists the scopes of accreditation based on CBAM activity groups.
* **Annex II:** Sets out the requirements for verifiers.
Key provisions and potential changes:
* **Accreditation Scope:** The regulation introduces specific accreditation scopes for different CBAM activity groups (listed in Annex I), allowing national accreditation bodies to evaluate verifiers’ competence against specific criteria.
* **Requirements for Verifiers:** Annex II details the competence requirements for verifiers, including the need for a competence process, specific criteria for auditors and reviewers, and procedures for verification activities. It also emphasizes the importance of impartiality and independence.
* **Mutual Recognition:** The regulation promotes mutual recognition of verifiers accredited by national accreditation bodies that have undergone successful peer evaluation, ensuring that their accreditation certificates and verification reports are accepted across the EU.
* **Information Exchange:** The regulation mandates the exchange of information between various bodies (national accreditation bodies, competent authorities, the Commission) to facilitate oversight and ensure the reliability of the CBAM system.
* **Peer Evaluation:** National accreditation bodies are required to undergo regular peer evaluation to assess their compliance with the regulation. Unsatisfactory outcomes can lead to suspension of accreditation activities.
The main provisions of the act that may be the most important for its use:
* **Article 2 and Annex II:** These sections define the scope of assessment by national accreditation bodies and the detailed competence requirements for verifiers.
* **Article 3:** This article specifies where an applicant should request accreditation.
* **Article 9:** This article describes the conditions under which accreditation can be suspended or withdrawn.
* **Article 23:** This article ensures the mutual recognition of verifiers across Member States.
* **Chapter III:** This chapter establishes the ongoing control and oversight mechanisms for accredited verifiers.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2030 of 9 October 2025 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the number and the title of the eight-yearly variables on work organisation and working time arrangements and on accidents at work and work-related health problems in the labour force domain
This Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2030 specifies the variables for data collection on ‘work organisation and working time arrangements’ and ‘accidents at work and work-related health problems’ within the labour force domain. It supplements Regulation (EU) 2019/1700, which establishes a common framework for European statistics related to persons and households. The regulation aims to ensure comprehensive data collection on these specific topics to better understand and address related issues at the European level. This will be achieved by defining the specific variables that Member States must collect data on every eight years.
The Regulation consists of two articles and an annex. Article 1 defines the subject matter of the Regulation. Article 2 stipulates when the Regulation comes into force. The Annex lists the specific variables to be collected. For ‘work organisation and working time arrangements’, the regulation identifies 10 variables, including “Freedom to take hours off,” “Expected flexibility in working times,” “Main place of work” and “Commuting time”. For ‘accidents at work and work-related health problems’, it specifies 11 variables, such as “Number of accidents at work during the last 12 months,” “Type of accident at work,” “Duration of absence from work because of the accident at work”, “Exposure to physical health risk factors” and “Exposure to mental well-being risk factors.”
The main provision of this regulation is the Annex, which clearly defines the specific data points that must be collected by Member States. This ensures that comparable and reliable data is available across the EU, which is essential for evidence-based policy making in the areas of working conditions and occupational health and safety.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1999 of 6 October 2025 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing a multiannual rolling planning for the period 2029-2036
This Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1999 establishes a multiannual rolling planning for the period 2029-2036 for data collection related to European statistics on persons and households. The regulation specifies when data should be collected for various domains, ensuring compliance with the periodicity requirements outlined in Regulation (EU) 2019/1700. This planning covers domains with both single and multiple periodicities, as well as ad hoc subjects requested by users. The goal is to organize and schedule data collection activities across Member States for the specified period.
The regulation consists of four articles and two annexes. Article 1 defines the subject matter, which is the multiannual rolling planning for data collection. Article 2 specifies the data collection periods for domains with single and multiple periodicities, referring to Annex I and Annex II for detailed schedules and groupings of topics. Article 3 addresses data collection periods for ad hoc subjects. Article 4 states that the regulation will enter into force twenty days after its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Annex I provides tables detailing the specific years for data collection for various domains and groups, while Annex II outlines the grouping of detailed topics for domains with multiple periodicities, such as labour force and income and living conditions.
The most important provisions for practical use are found in Annex I, which provides a detailed schedule for data collection across different domains and years. For example, it specifies that data on “Health” should be collected in 2031, “Education and training” data in 2034, and “Use of information and communication technologies” annually from 2029 to 2036. For domains like “Labour Force” and “Income and Living Conditions,” Annex I and II break down the data collection into more granular groups (e.g., LFQ/Quarterly, ILCY/Yearly) and specify the years for particular detailed topics such as “Reasons for migration” or “Children-specific deprivation.” This level of detail is crucial for Member States and other stakeholders to plan and execute their data collection activities in alignment with the EU’s statistical framework.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2620 of 16 December 2025 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the calculation of the free allocation adjustment to the number of CBAM certificates to be surrendered
Okay, I will provide a detailed description of the provisions of the act.
**1. Essence of the Act:**
This Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2620 lays down the rules for calculating the adjustment to the number of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) certificates that importers must surrender to reflect the free allowances allocated under the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). This adjustment ensures that EU goods are not treated more favorably than imported goods, during the transitional period when both CBAM and free ETS allowances are in effect. The regulation provides detailed formulas and benchmark values for calculating this “free allocation adjustment,” considering factors like the type of goods, production processes, and emissions data. The goal is to gradually phase out free allowances in sectors covered by CBAM while maintaining a level playing field.
**2. Structure and Main Provisions:**
The regulation consists of 5 articles and an annex:
* **Article 1:** Specifies that the adjustment to CBAM certificates is calculated according to the Annex and sets the adjustment for electrical energy to zero.
* **Article 2:** Concerns the use of actual values for the calculation of the free allocation.
* **Article 3:** Concerns the use of default values for the calculation of the free allocation.
* **Article 4:** Describes a situation where precursors are produced in different installations.
* **Article 5:** Sets the entry into force and application date of the regulation (January 1, 2026) and mentions a revision planned for 2027.
**The Annex is structured as follows:**
* **Definitions:** Defines key terms like “aggregated goods categories,” “reporting period,” “precursor,” and “production route.”
* **Calculation of the Free Allocation Adjustment:** Provides the core formula (Equation 1) for calculating the free allocation adjustment (FAAg) based on specific embedded free allocation (SEFAg,y) and the mass of the imported good (Mg).
* **Calculation of Specific Embedded Free Allocation (SEFA) Using Actual Data:** Details how to calculate SEFA for simple (Equation 3) and complex goods (Equation 4) using actual production data, CBAM factors, cross-sectoral correction factors, and CBAM benchmarks. It also includes Equation 5 for determining the specific mass of precursors.
* **Calculation of Specific Embedded Free Allocation (SEFA) Using Default Values:** Explains how to calculate SEFA when default values for embedded emissions are used, relying on default CBAM benchmarks (Equation 6).
* **CBAM Benchmarks:** Provides tables with CBAM benchmark values for various goods, differentiated by CN code, production route, and applicable years (2026-2027 and 2028-2030). It also includes rules for selecting the appropriate benchmark value based on whether actual or default data is used, and specific rules for cement, fertilizers, iron, steel and aluminum.
**Changes Compared to Previous Versions:**
As an implementing regulation for Regulation (EU) 2023/956, this act does not have previous versions in the traditional sense. It is a newly created act that provides the detailed rules necessary to implement the CBAM regulation’s provisions on free allocation adjustments.
**3. Main Provisions Important for Use:**
* **The Formulas for Calculating Free Allocation Adjustment (Equation 1) and Specific Embedded Free Allocation (Equations 2, 3, 4 and 6):** These are the core operational elements of the regulation. Importers need to understand these formulas and have the data required to apply them correctly.
* **The CBAM Benchmark Values (Section 5 of the Annex):** These benchmark values are critical for calculating the free allocation adjustment, especially when using default values for embedded emissions. The tables provide specific values for a wide range of goods, but importers need to carefully identify the correct CN code, production route, and applicable year to select the appropriate benchmark.
* **The Distinction Between Actual Data and Default Values:** The regulation allows importers to use either actual emissions data from their suppliers or default values. The choice between these two approaches affects how the free allocation adjustment is calculated, so importers need to understand the implications of each option.
* **Rules for Precursors:** For complex goods, the calculation of SEFA must take into account the SEFA of each precursor. The rules for determining the reporting period and the BM value for precursors are important for ensuring accurate calculations.
I hope this detailed description is helpful.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2546 of 10 December 2025 on the application of the principles for verification of declared embedded emissions pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2549 of 10 December 2025 amending and correcting Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/486 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the conditions and procedures related to the status of authorised CBAM declarant
This Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2549 amends and corrects Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/486, which lays down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 regarding the conditions and procedures related to the status of authorised CBAM declarant. The amending regulation adapts the existing rules to reflect changes introduced by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083, which simplified and strengthened the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). These adjustments include revisions to the consultation procedure for granting and revoking authorised CBAM declarant status, extending the deadline for submitting CBAM declarations, and allowing competent authorities to digitally retrieve relevant information.
The regulation consists of three articles. Article 1 details the specific amendments to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/486, addressing areas such as the adjustment of information in applications, provisional import continuation, consultation procedures, deadlines, and the surrender of CBAM certificates. Article 2 corrects an erroneous reference within Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/486. Article 3 specifies that the regulation will enter into force on the third day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Key provisions of this regulation include the optional consultation procedure for granting and revoking CBAM declarant status, with a time limit of 15 calendar days for consultations. It also extends the deadline for submitting CBAM declarations and allows competent authorities to digitally retrieve information from other national authorities, reducing administrative burdens. Additionally, it establishes an alternative measure for the consequences of revocation and the surrender of CBAM certificates for the calendar year 2026, considering that the purchase of CBAM certificates is to commence in 2027.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2550 of 10 December 2025 amending and correcting Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/3210 as regards the CBAM registry
This Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2550 amends and corrects Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/3210, which establishes the CBAM registry. The amendments are necessary to align the provisions of the latter with changes introduced by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 to the original CBAM Regulation (EU) 2023/956. These changes include allowing authorized CBAM declarants to delegate the submission of CBAM declarations, setting rules for the registration of verifiers, introducing a single mass-based threshold, and establishing rules for monitoring this threshold.
The regulation modifies several articles of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/3210 to ensure consistency with the updated CBAM framework. It updates the description of the CBAM registry’s contents and functionalities, clarifies access rights for various parties (including customs authorities, independent persons, and delegated individuals), and updates references to other EU regulations concerning electronic customs systems. The regulation also specifies procedures for information exchange between the Commission and competent authorities and clarifies data retention periods within the CBAM registry.
The most important provisions of this regulation for practical use are those that define access rights and procedures for different users of the CBAM registry. Specifically, the amendments related to the registration and access for independent persons (verifiers) and the delegation of submission rights for CBAM declarations are crucial. Furthermore, the provisions ensuring customs authorities’ access to the registry for validation and data sharing are significant for the enforcement and accuracy of the CBAM system. The alignment of data retention periods with the amended CBAM Regulation is also important for data management and compliance.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2547 of 10 December 2025 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and the Council as regards the methods for the calculation of emissions embedded in goods
Okay, I will provide you with a detailed description of the provisions of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2547.
### Essence of the Act
This regulation lays down the rules for applying Regulation (EU) 2023/956, which establishes the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). It specifies the methods for calculating emissions embedded in goods imported into the EU, ensuring these calculations align with the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) methodology. The regulation aims to enhance the accuracy of emission calculations, prevent circumvention of CBAM obligations, and ensure verifiability while limiting the administrative burden for operators and authorities.
### Structure and Main Provisions
The regulation is structured into five chapters and several annexes, covering general provisions, the use of actual values for emissions, the use of default values, specific rules for complex goods, and final provisions.
* **Chapter 1** provides definitions necessary for the interpretation of the regulation, including “functional unit,” “system boundary,” and “reporting period.”
* **Chapter 2** details the rules for using actual emissions values, including setting system boundaries, defining production processes, monitoring emissions at the installation level, and attributing emissions to goods. It also specifies how to identify the reporting period and the use of actual values for electricity and indirect emissions.
* **Chapter 3** focuses on the use of default values for embedded emissions, specifying when and how these values should be applied. It also allows for the use of alternative default values under certain conditions.
* **Chapter 4** outlines specific rules applicable to complex goods, including the reporting period for precursors and the combined use of actual and default values.
* **Chapter 5** contains the final provision regarding the entry into force of the regulation.
The annexes provide detailed technical specifications and templates for implementing the regulation, including definitions, functional units, system boundaries, monitoring methodologies, attribution rules, and the format of the operator’s emissions report.
### Main Provisions for Practical Use
Several provisions are particularly important for operators and authorized CBAM declarants:
1. **System Boundaries and Production Processes (Article 3 and 4):** Operators must accurately identify production processes and system boundaries to calculate embedded emissions, aligning with EU ETS standards.
2. **Monitoring Methodology (Article 5 and Annex II):** Detailed monitoring plans are required, including methodologies for direct and indirect emissions, heat flows, and electricity consumption.
3. **Attribution of Emissions (Article 6 and Annex III):** Clear rules are provided for attributing emissions to specific goods, which is crucial for accurate CBAM declarations.
4. **Use of Actual vs. Default Values (Articles 7, 8 and 11):** The regulation specifies when actual values can be used and the evidence required to support their use, as opposed to default values.
5. **Operator’s Emissions Report (Article 10 and Annex IV):** Operators must prepare and submit detailed emissions reports, including summaries and declarant-specific addenda, following a prescribed template.
6. **Rules for Complex Goods (Articles 13, 14 and 15):** Specific guidelines are provided for determining the embedded emissions of complex goods, including the treatment of precursors and the combined use of actual and default values.
This regulation is designed to ensure that the CBAM is implemented effectively and fairly, providing clear guidelines for calculating and reporting embedded emissions in imported goods.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2548 of 10 December 2025 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the calculation and publication of the price of CBAM certificates
This Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2548 establishes the rules for calculating and publishing the price of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) certificates, as mandated by Regulation (EU) 2023/956. The regulation ensures that CBAM certificate prices closely reflect EU Emission Trading System (ETS) prices, which is crucial for preventing carbon leakage. It also aims to support the overall functioning of the CBAM.
The regulation is structured around the methodology for calculating CBAM certificate prices, access to relevant information, record-keeping requirements, and the publication of these prices. It differentiates between the calculation methods for 2026 (quarterly averages) and from 2027 onwards (weekly averages). The core provision is the calculation of CBAM certificate prices based on the weighted average of EU ETS allowance auction clearing prices. This involves using auction clearing prices weighted by the volume of auctioned allowances. The regulation also mandates that auction platforms provide the necessary information to the Commission and keep records for a specified period.
The most important provisions for practical use include the specific methodologies for calculating the price of CBAM certificates for 2026 (Article 1) and from 2027 onwards (Article 5). These articles detail how the average prices are to be determined, the data to be included, and the rounding rules. Additionally, the requirements for auction platforms to provide information to the Commission (Articles 2 and 6) and the publication of CBAM certificate prices by the Commission (Articles 4 and 8) are critical for the functioning of the CBAM system.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2619 of 16 December 2025 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the information communicated by customs authorities
This Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2619 establishes the rules for how customs authorities should communicate information related to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to the European Commission. The regulation specifies what data customs authorities must provide regarding goods imported into the EU that fall under the CBAM, ensuring that the Commission has the necessary information to cross-check data provided by authorized CBAM declarants. It also sets out the means and timelines for this communication, including the use of existing customs systems and alternative methods when necessary. The goal is to ensure the effective implementation of the CBAM Regulation (EU) 2023/956.
The regulation is structured around defining the scope of information to be communicated by customs authorities, the means of communication, and specific rules for certain customs procedures like inward processing. It includes:
* **Definitions (Article 1):** Clarifies terms like “bill of discharge,” “CBAM account number,” “customs declaration,” “receipt declaration,” and “alternative means of communication.”
* **Information to be communicated (Article 2):** Lists the specific data points customs authorities must regularly provide to the CBAM registry, such as EORI number, CBAM account number, CN code of goods, quantity, country of origin, date of declaration, and customs procedure.
* **Means of communication (Article 3):** Specifies that data should be transmitted via the existing surveillance mechanism, with alternative means for non-automated data.
* **Timeframe for communication (Article 4):** Sets deadlines for providing requested information, generally by the end of the following month, with a shorter timeframe for monitoring the single mass-based threshold.
* **Inward processing (Article 5):** Details the information required for goods under inward processing, including customs declarations and bills of discharge.
* **EORI (Article 6):** Specifies the communication of EORI-related information.
* **Goods brought to the continental shelf (Article 7):** Addresses goods brought to the continental shelf and exclusive economic zones, requiring communication of information from receipt and re-export declarations.
* **Additional information (Article 8):** Allows for requests for additional customs documents in specific cases.
* **Personal data protection (Article 9):** Ensures compliance with data protection regulations.
* **Entry into force (Article 10):** States the regulation will apply from 1 January 2026 and will be revised in 2027.
The most important provisions for practical use are those detailing the specific data that customs authorities must communicate (Article 2) and the means and timelines for doing so (Articles 3 and 4). These articles ensure that the Commission receives the necessary information to effectively monitor and enforce the CBAM. Additionally, the provisions regarding inward processing (Article 5) and goods brought to the continental shelf (Article 7) are crucial for addressing specific scenarios and potential loopholes in the CBAM framework.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2639 of 18 December 2025 amending Annexes V and XIV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/404 as regards the entries for Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States in the lists of third countries, territories, or zones thereof authorised for the entry into the Union of consignments of poultry and germinal products of poultry, and of fresh meat of poultry and game birds
This Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2639 amends Annexes V and XIV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/404, specifically concerning the lists of third countries authorized for the entry into the Union of poultry, germinal products of poultry, and fresh meat of poultry and game birds. The regulation addresses recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, leading to temporary suspensions of imports from affected zones and re-authorization of imports from previously restricted zones in Canada.
The regulation modifies Annex V, which lists third countries, territories, or zones authorized for the entry into the Union of consignments of poultry and germinal products of poultry. It also amends Annex XIV, which lists third countries, territories, or zones authorized for the entry into the Union of consignments of fresh meat of poultry and game birds. The amendments involve updating the entries for Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States to reflect the current HPAI situation. This includes adding new restricted zones due to recent outbreaks and removing restrictions from zones where the situation has improved.
The most important provisions of this regulation are the specific changes to the lists in Annexes V and XIV. These changes directly impact which zones in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States are authorized to export poultry, germinal products, and fresh meat of poultry and game birds to the EU. Businesses involved in the import and export of these products need to be aware of these updated restrictions and authorizations to ensure compliance with EU law. The regulation enters into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union, requiring immediate attention from stakeholders.
Regulation (EU) 2025/2611 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2016/794 as regards the strengthening of Europol’s support and enhancing police cooperation, for preventing and combating migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings
This Regulation (EU) 2025/2611 amends Regulation (EU) 2016/794 to bolster Europol’s support and enhance police cooperation in preventing and combating migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings. It aims to strengthen the role of Europol as the Union’s criminal information hub and to improve the exchange of information between Member States. The Regulation also establishes a permanent European Centre Against Migrant Smuggling within Europol.
The Regulation amends several articles of Regulation (EU) 2016/794. It adds definitions for “SIENA” (Secure Information Exchange Network Application) and “immigration liaison officer.” It expands Europol’s tasks to include supporting Member States in processing biometric data, paying particular attention to migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings, including online activities. It also reinforces the European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats (EMPACT). A key structural change is the establishment of the European Centre Against Migrant Smuggling within Europol, outlining its tasks and composition. Finally, the regulation adds “violation of Union restrictive measures” to the Annex I of crimes that fall within Europol’s objectives.
Key provisions include the establishment of the European Centre Against Migrant Smuggling, which will provide strategic, operational, and technical support to Member States. The Regulation also emphasizes the use of SIENA for information exchange and encourages Member States to share all relevant information with Europol, including data from immigration liaison officers. Furthermore, it enables Europol to process biometric data more effectively and to deploy staff to Member States for operational support. Finally, the regulation expands Europol’s objectives to include violations of Union restrictive measures.
