I am ready to provide legal analysis of EU legislative acts. Please provide the text of the acts you want me to analyze.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/a>Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025\/1774 of 28\u00a0August 2025 amending Delegated Regulation (EU)\u00a02021\/1078 as regards strategic investments in the field of defence set out in the investment guidelines for the InvestEU Fund<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2589 of 18\u00a0December 2025 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of choline chloride originating in the People\u2019s Republic of China<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2629 of 18\u00a0December 2025 amending Annexes\u00a0I and II to Implementing Regulation (EU)\u00a02023\/594 laying down special control measures for African swine fever and repealing Commission Implementing Decision (EU)\u00a02025\/2489 concerning certain interim emergency measures relating to African swine fever in Spain<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2603 of 12\u00a0December 2025 amending Regulation (EC) No\u00a01484\/95 as regards fixing representative prices in the poultrymeat and egg sectors and for egg albumin<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2581 of 18\u00a0December 2025 amending Implementing Regulation (EU)\u00a02025\/2144 making imports of pea protein originating in the People\u2019s Republic of China subject to registration<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2576 of 18\u00a0December 2025 concerning the authorisation of a preparation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32324, Bacillus subtilis DSM 32325 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 25840 as a feed additive for all poultry species for laying or for breeding (holder of authorisation: Chr. Hansen\u00a0A\/S) and amending Implementing Regulation (EU)\u00a02020\/1762 as regards the terms of the authorisation of a preparation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32324, Bacillus subtilis DSM 32325 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 25840 as a feed additive for all poultry species for fattening or reared for laying or reared for breeding<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2566 of 18\u00a0December 2025 concerning the authorisation of L-lysine sulphate and L-lysine monohydrochloride produced with Corynebacterium glutamicum CGMCC 7.453 as feed additives for all animal species<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2615 of 17\u00a0December 2025 amending Annex\u00a0II to Implementing Regulation (EU)\u00a02021\/403 as regards the model animal health certificate and the model declaration for the re-entry into the Union of registered horses for competition<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2606 of 18\u00a0December 2025 setting out the format of Member State reports on the implementation of Directive\u00a02009\/33\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2590 of 18\u00a0December 2025 concerning the authorisation of L-valine produced with Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80365 as a feed additive for all animal species<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2575 of 18\u00a0December 2025 withdrawing from the market certain feed additives<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2592 of 17\u00a0December 2025 for the application of Regulation (EU)\u00a02015\/2120 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards fair use, based on typical usage patterns, and anti-fraud measures for intra-EU communications<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2556 of 17\u00a0December 2025 concerning the authorisation of a preparation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 25376 and endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 26469 as a feed additive for chickens for laying or breeding, turkeys for breeding, minor poultry species for fattening and minor poultry species for laying or breeding (holder of authorisation: Kaesler Nutrition GmbH) and amending Implementing Regulation (EU)\u00a02018\/1090 as regards the terms of the authorisation of the preparation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 25376 and endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase produced with Komagataella phaffii DSM 26469 as a feed additive for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025\/2553 of 17\u00a0December 2025 amending Implementing Regulation (EU)\u00a02020\/1147 as regards administrative changes to the Union authorisation for the single biocidal product ClearKlens product based on IPA<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCommission Regulation (EU) 2025\/2573 of 18\u00a0December 2025 amending Regulation (EC) No\u00a0440\/2008 as regards the test methods, to adapt them to technical progress<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nCouncil Regulation (EU) 2025\/2618 of 18 December 2025 amending Regulation (EU) No 833\/2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia\u2019s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 18 December 2025.SIA \u201eEUROPARK LATVIA\u201d and SKIDATA GmbH v Valsts ie\u0146\u0113mumu dienests.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Industrial policy \u2013 Information procedure in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on Information Society services \u2013 Directive (EU) 2015\/1535 \u2013 Concept of \u2018technical regulation\u2019 \u2013 National rule requiring the provision of the source code of software registered in the database of the tax authority to a body responsible for assessing the conformity of fiscal technical requirements \u2013 Article 34 TFEU \u2013 Measure having equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction on imports \u2013 Principle of proportionality.Case C-353\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nArr\u00eat de la Cour (neuvi\u00e8me chambre) du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025.#Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale contre Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne.#Pourvoi \u2013 Politique \u00e9conomique et mon\u00e9taire \u2013 Surveillance prudentielle des \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit \u2013 M\u00e9canisme de surveillance unique \u2013 R\u00e8glement (UE) no 1024\/2013 \u2013 Missions sp\u00e9cifiques de surveillance confi\u00e9es \u00e0 la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne (BCE) \u2013 Article 4 \u2013 Fixation des exigences prudentielles \u2013 Article 16 \u2013 Risque li\u00e9 aux engagements de paiement irr\u00e9vocables (EPI) souscrits en faveur des syst\u00e8mes de garantie des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et des fonds de r\u00e9solution \u2013 D\u00e9duction int\u00e9grale des sommes vers\u00e9es en tant que garantie des EPI des fonds propres de base de cat\u00e9gorie 1 \u2013 Pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire de la BCE \u2013 Contr\u00f4le juridictionnel.#Affaire C-550\/24 P.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.CJ v Service f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des Pensions (SFP).Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Officials \u2013 Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union \u2013 Annex VIII \u2013 Pensions \u2013 Pension rights acquired before entry into the service of the European Union \u2013 Transfer to the pension scheme of the European Union institutions \u2013 Transfer request of the worker \u2013 Irrevocability of that transfer \u2013 Unjust enrichment.Case C-776\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nArr\u00eat de la Cour (quatri\u00e8me chambre) du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025.#Pesticide Action Network Europe (PAN Europe) contre Commission europ\u00e9enne.#Pourvoi \u2013 Agriculture \u2013 Produits phytopharmaceutiques \u2013 Article 4 \u2013 R\u00e8glement (CE) no 1107\/2009 \u2013 R\u00e8glement d\u2019ex\u00e9cution (UE) 2021\/2049 \u2013 Renouvellement de l\u2019approbation de la substance active \u201ccyperm\u00e9thrine\u201d \u2013 Demande de r\u00e9examen interne \u2013 R\u00e8glement (CE) no 1367\/2006 \u2013 Article 10, paragraphe 1 \u2013 D\u00e9cision de rejet de la demande \u2013 \u00c9valuation et gestion des risques \u2013 Identification de domaines critiques de pr\u00e9occupation \u2013 Conditions r\u00e9alistes d\u2019utilisation \u2013 Principe de pr\u00e9caution.#Affaire C-316\/24 P.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.OSA, z.s., anciennement OSA \u2013 Ochrann\u00fd svaz autorsk\u00fd pro pr\u00e1va k d\u00edl\u016fm hudebn\u00edm, z.s. v \u00da\u0159ad pro ochranu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Competition \u2013 Article 102 TFEU \u2013 Abuse of dominant position \u2013 Collective management organisation handling copyright \u2013 Rates for royalties for the provision of a licence to make copyrighted works available \u2013 Hotel establishments \u2013 Calculation method \u2013 Failure to take into account the rate of occupancy of rooms \u2013 Unfair prices.Case C-161\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Alaa Hamoudi v European Border and Coast Guard Agency.Appeal \u2013 Common policy on asylum and immigration \u2013 Regulation (EU) 2019\/1896 \u2013 European integrated management of the European Union\u2019s external borders \u2013 European Border and Coast Guard \u2013 European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) \u2013 Frontex\u2019s obligations relating to the protection of fundamental rights \u2013 Practices of pushback to a third country in the Aegean Sea region \u2013 Non\u2011contractual liability of Frontex \u2013 Actual and certain damage \u2013 Burden of proof \u2013 Effective judicial protection \u2013 Prima facie evidence \u2013 Duty of the General Court of the European Union to investigate the case.Case C-136\/24 P.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten v AB Storstockholms Lokaltrafik.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Protection of personal data \u2013 Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 \u2013 Articles 13 and 14 \u2013 Scope \u2013 Personal data collected by means of body cameras worn by ticket inspectors on public transport \u2013 Legal basis for the obligation on the data controller to provide information to the data subject.Case C-422\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Deity Shoes, S.L. v Mundorama Confort, S.L. and Stay Design, S.L.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Intellectual property \u2013 Community designs \u2013 Regulation (EC) No 6\/2002 \u2013 Articles 4 to 6 and 14 \u2013 Conditions for the protection of a design \u2013 Novelty \u2013 Individual character \u2013 Visual characteristics predetermined by a third party \u2013 Freedom of the designer in developing the design \u2013 Concept of \u2018informed user\u2019 \u2013 Influence of features linked to fashion trends.Case C-323\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nArr\u00eat de la Cour (neuvi\u00e8me chambre) du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025.#Cr\u00e9dit agricole SA e.a. contre Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne.#Pourvoi \u2013 Politique \u00e9conomique et mon\u00e9taire \u2013 Surveillance prudentielle des \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit \u2013 M\u00e9canisme de surveillance unique \u2013 R\u00e8glement (UE) no 1024\/2013 \u2013 Missions sp\u00e9cifiques de surveillance confi\u00e9es \u00e0 la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne (BCE) \u2013 Article 4 \u2013 Fixation des exigences prudentielles \u2013 Article 16 \u2013 Risque li\u00e9 aux engagements de paiement irr\u00e9vocables (EPI) souscrits en faveur des syst\u00e8mes de garantie des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et des fonds de r\u00e9solution \u2013 D\u00e9duction int\u00e9grale des sommes vers\u00e9es en tant que garantie des EPI des fonds propres de base de cat\u00e9gorie 1 \u2013 Pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire de la BCE \u2013 Contr\u00f4le juridictionnel.#Affaire C-548\/24 P.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Autorit\u00e0 per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (AGCOM) v BRT SpA and\u00a0Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Postal parcel delivery services provided to the public \u2013 Directive 97\/67\/EC \u2013 Articles 22 and 22a \u2013 Regulation (EU) 2018\/644 \u2013 Article 4 \u2013 Decision of the national regulatory authority imposing on parcel delivery service providers obligations to provide information \u2013 Legal basis for the competence of that authority to impose specific obligations to provide information on operators not carrying out cross-border parcel delivery \u2013 Proportionality.Case C-345\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Amazon EU S\u00e0rl v Ministre de la Culture and Ministre de l\u2019\u00c9conomie, des Finances et de la Souverainet\u00e9 industrielle et num\u00e9rique.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Internal market \u2013 Freedom to provide services \u2013 Free movement of goods \u2013 Protection or promotion of cultural diversity \u2013 Home delivery of books service \u2013 National measure providing for a minimum charge in respect of such a service \u2013 Directive 2006\/123\/EC \u2013 Applicability \u2013 Relationship with Articles 34 and 56 TFEU.Case C-366\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nUrteil des Gerichtshofs (Vierte Kammer) vom 18. Dezember 2025.#E. sp.j. gegen C. sp. z o.o.#Vorlage zur Vorabentscheidung \u2013 Richtlinie 2011\/7\/EU \u2013 Bek\u00e4mpfung von Zahlungsverzug im Gesch\u00e4ftsverkehr \u2013 Art. 3 Abs. 1 und Abs. 3 Buchst. a \u2013 Zinsen bei Zahlungsverzug \u2013 Art. 6 Abs. 1 und 2 \u2013 Entsch\u00e4digung f\u00fcr Beitreibungskosten \u2013 Voraussetzungen \u2013 Nationale Regelung, die eine Aufrechnung gegenseitiger Forderungen durch r\u00fcckwirkende Erkl\u00e4rung vorsieht \u2013 Gleichzeitiges Erl\u00f6schen der Forderungen bis zur niedrigsten Forderung \u2013 Auswirkungen auf Zinsen und Entsch\u00e4digung.#Rechtssache C-481\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nArr\u00eat de la Cour (deuxi\u00e8me chambre) du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025.#Commission europ\u00e9enne contre Royaume d’Espagne.#Manquement d\u2019\u00c9tat \u2013 Article 258 TFUE \u2013 Directive 91\/271\/CEE \u2013 Collecte et traitement des eaux urbaines r\u00e9siduaires \u2013 Articles 3 \u00e0 5 et 15 \u2013 Actualisation de la charge polluante g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par les agglom\u00e9rations, exprim\u00e9e en \u00e9quivalent habitant (EH) \u2013 Rejet.#Affaire C-433\/23.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nArr\u00eat de la Cour (premi\u00e8re chambre) du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025.#RB, en qualit\u00e9 d\u2019ayant droit de Claude Chabrol e.a. contre Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques (SACD) e.a.#Renvoi pr\u00e9judiciel \u2013 Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle \u2013 Droit d\u2019auteur et droits voisins \u2013 Directive 2001\/29\/CE \u2013 Articles 2 \u00e0 4 et 8 \u2013 Directive 2004\/48\/CE \u2013 Articles 1er \u00e0 3 \u2013 Directive 2006\/115\/CE \u2013 Directive 2006\/116\/CE \u2013 Articles 1er, 2 et 9 \u2013 Articles 17 et 47 de la charte des droits fondamentaux de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne \u2013 Voies de recours \u2013 Droit \u00e0 un recours effectif \u2013 R\u00e9glementation nationale subordonnant la recevabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une action en contrefa\u00e7on exerc\u00e9e par l\u2019un des cotitulaires du droit d\u2019auteur d\u2019une \u0153uvre cin\u00e9matographique \u00e0 la mise en cause de tous les cotitulaires de ce droit.#Affaire C-182\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.AF, en son nom propre et en qualit\u00e9 de personne exer\u00e7ant la responsabilit\u00e9 parentale sur l\u2019enfant mineur BF v Ministero dell\u2019Interno – U.T.G. – Prefettura di Milano.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Area of freedom, security and justice \u2013 Asylum policy \u2013 Directive 2013\/33\/EU \u2013 Applicants for international protection \u2013 Article 7 \u2013 Place of residence \u2013 Article 18 \u2013 Material reception conditions \u2013 Housing \u2013 Accommodation centres \u2013 Transfer \u2013 Applicant\u2019s refusal \u2013 Article 20(1)(a) \u2013 Reduction of material reception conditions or withdrawal of that benefit in exceptional and duly justified cases \u2013 Abandonment of the place of residence without informing the competent authority or without permission \u2013 Article 20(4) \u2013 Serious breaches of the rules of the accommodation centre \u2013 Article 20(5) \u2013 Proportionality \u2013 Dignified standard of living \u2013 Article 21 \u2013 Applicants falling within the category of vulnerable persons \u2013 Article 23 \u2013 Minors \u2013 Power of a Member State to withdraw material reception conditions if the applicant refuses to be transferred to another accommodation centre.Case C-184\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Mara soc. coop. arl v Ministero della Difesa and Gruppo Samir Global Service Srl.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Public procurement \u2013 Mixed procurement involving defence \u2013 Services directly linked to military equipment \u2013 Directive 2009\/81\/EC \u2013 Directive 2014\/24\/EU \u2013 Determining the applicable directive \u2013 Contract award criteria \u2013 Third subparagraph of Article 67(2) \u2013 Prohibition on using price as the sole award criterion \u2013 Proportionality \u2013 Public contracts for labour-intensive services.Case C-769\/23.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.PMJC SAS v [W] [X] and\u00a0Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Trade marks \u2013 Directive 2008\/95\/EC \u2013 Article 12(2)(b) \u2013 Directive (EU) 2015\/2436 \u2013 Article 20(b) \u2013 Grounds for revocation of a mark \u2013 Trade mark liable to mislead the public as a result of the use made of it \u2013 Trade mark corresponding to the name of a fashion designer \u2013 Assignment of the trade mark \u2013 Use of the trade mark in such a way as to make the public actually believe that the designer is still involved in the design of the goods bearing the trade mark \u2013 Misled belief.Case C-168\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.\u00ab Lukoil Bulgaria \u00bb EOOD and \u00ab Lukoil Neftohim Burgas \u00bb AD v Komisia za zashtita na konkurentsiata.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Competition \u2013 Article 102 TFEU \u2013 Abuse of a dominant position \u2013 Market for the storage of automotive fuels \u2013 Abuse \u2013 Refusal of access to essential infrastructure for third-party undertakings \u2013 Infrastructure financed by public funds \u2013 Privatisation of that infrastructure.Case C-245\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Nicoventures Trading Ltd and\u00a0Others v European Commission.Appeal \u2013 Public health \u2013 Heated tobacco products \u2013 Withdrawal of certain exemptions \u2013 Delegated Directive (EU) 2022\/2100 \u2013 Action for annulment \u2013 Standing \u2013 Fourth paragraph of Article 263 TFEU \u2013 Condition that the applicant must be individually concerned by the contested act \u2013 Limited class of economic operators \u2013 Reporting and notification obligations \u2013 Marketing authorisation.Case C-731\/23 P.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Slagelse Almennyttige Boligselskab Afdeling Schackenborgv\u00e6nge and\u00a0Others v MV and\u00a0Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin \u2013 Directive 2000\/43\/EC \u2013 Concepts of \u2018ethnic origin\u2019, \u2018direct discrimination\u2019 and \u2018indirect discrimination\u2019 \u2013 National legislation requiring the adoption of development plans designed to reduce the percentage of public family housing units in certain residential areas \u2013 Identification of those areas according to the proportion of \u2018immigrants from non-Western countries and their descendants\u2019 \u2013 Whether justified \u2013 Social cohesion and integration \u2013 Housing policy \u2013 Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \u2013 Right to respect for the home \u2013 Proportionality.Case C-417\/23.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.European Commission v Republic of Poland.Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations \u2013 Article 2 TEU \u2013 Article 4(3) TEU \u2013 Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU \u2013 Rule of law \u2013 Effective judicial protection in the fields covered by Union law \u2013 Principles of autonomy, primacy, effectiveness and the uniform application of EU law \u2013 Principle of the binding effect of the case-law of the Court \u2013 Judgments of the Trybuna\u0142 Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court, Poland) \u2013 Judgments of the Court and interim measures under Article 279 TFEU relating to the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU \u2013 Rejection by the Trybuna\u0142 Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court) of those judgments and of those measures as ultra vires \u2013 National constitutional identity \u2013 Prohibition issued by the Trybuna\u0142 Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court) preventing all public authorities from applying Article 2 TEU and the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU \u2013 Second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \u2013 Requirement of an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law \u2013 Improper composition of the Trybuna\u0142 Konstytucyjny (Constitutional Court).Case C-448\/23.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 18 December 2025.H (ved DRC Dansk Flygtningehj\u00e6lp) v Udl\u00e6ndingestyrelsen.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Regulation (EU) No 604\/2013 \u2013 Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection \u2013 Article 29(1) \u2013 Transfer time limit \u2013 Determination of the starting point of the six-month time limit \u2013 Bringing of an appeal with suspensive effect \u2013 New circumstance brought to the attention of the judicial authority before which that appeal was brought \u2013 Annulment of the initial transfer decision and remittal of the case to the competent administrative authority \u2013 Adoption of a second transfer decision which is also the subject of an action for annulment \u2013 Consequences for the calculation of the transfer time limit.Case C-560\/23.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.Slagelse Almennyttige Boligselskab Afdeling Schackenborgv\u00e6nge and\u00a0Others v MV and\u00a0Others.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin \u2013 Directive 2000\/43\/EC \u2013 Concepts of \u2018ethnic origin\u2019, \u2018direct discrimination\u2019 and \u2018indirect discrimination\u2019 \u2013 National legislation requiring the adoption of development plans designed to reduce the percentage of public family housing units in certain residential areas \u2013 Identification of those areas according to the proportion of \u2018immigrants from non-Western countries and their descendants\u2019 \u2013 Whether justified \u2013 Social cohesion and integration \u2013 Housing policy \u2013 Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \u2013 Right to respect for the home \u2013 Proportionality.Case C-417\/23.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nArr\u00eat de la Cour (neuvi\u00e8me chambre) du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025.#Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration nationale du Cr\u00e9dit mutuel e.a. contre Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne.#Pourvoi \u2013 Politique \u00e9conomique et mon\u00e9taire \u2013 Surveillance prudentielle des \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit \u2013 M\u00e9canisme de surveillance unique \u2013 R\u00e8glement (UE) no 1024\/2013 \u2013 Missions sp\u00e9cifiques de surveillance confi\u00e9es \u00e0 la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne (BCE) \u2013 Article 4 \u2013 Fixation des exigences prudentielles \u2013 Article 16 \u2013 Risque li\u00e9 aux engagements de paiement irr\u00e9vocables (EPI) souscrits en faveur des syst\u00e8mes de garantie des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et des fonds de r\u00e9solution \u2013 D\u00e9duction int\u00e9grale des sommes vers\u00e9es en tant que garantie des EPI des fonds propres de base de cat\u00e9gorie 1 \u2013 Pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire de la BCE \u2013 Contr\u00f4le juridictionnel.#Affaire C-552\/24 P.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.HG v Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale di Firenze.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Area of freedom, security and justice \u2013 Judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Directive 2014\/41\/EU \u2013 European Investigation Order in criminal matters \u2013 Article 3 \u2013 Material scope \u2013 Concept of \u2018investigative measure\u2019 \u2013 Purpose \u2013 Obtaining evidence \u2013 Article 10 \u2013 Recourse to a different type of investigative measure \u2013 Article 11 \u2013 Grounds for non-recognition or non-execution \u2013 Fundamental rights \u2013 Article 22 \u2013 Temporary transfer to the issuing State of the person held in custody for the purpose of carrying out an investigative measure \u2013 Article 24 \u2013 Hearing of the accused person by videoconference \u2013 Article 24(2)(b) \u2013 Fundamental principles of the law of the executing Member State.Case C-325\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.WS and\u00a0Others v European Border and Coast Guard Agency.Appeal \u2013 Common policy on asylum and immigration \u2013 Regulation (EU) 2016\/1624 \u2013 European integrated border management of the external borders of the European Union \u2013 European Border and Coast Guard \u2013 European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) \u2013 Frontex\u2019s obligations to protect fundamental rights \u2013 Joint return operation coordinated by Frontex \u2013 Frontex\u2019s non-contractual liability \u2013 Causal link between the breach of such obligations and the damage suffered.Case C-679\/23 P.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 18 December 2025.\u00ab Lukoil Bulgaria \u00bb EOOD v Komisia za zashtita na konkurentsiata.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Competition \u2013 Article 102 TFEU \u2013 Abuse of a dominant position \u2013 Wholesale market for fuel in Bulgaria \u2013 Margin squeeze on competitors \u2013 Product market definition \u2013 Vertically divided market \u2013 Taking into account the excise duty regime.Case C-260\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nArr\u00eat de la Cour (neuvi\u00e8me chambre) du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025.#S.A.S. Tenergie Development contre Directeur R\u00e9gional des Douanes de Marseille e.a.#Renvoi pr\u00e9judiciel \u2013 Union douani\u00e8re \u2013 Proc\u00e9dures d\u2019importation et d\u2019exportation \u2013 Remboursement ou remise des droits \u00e0 l\u2019importation ou \u00e0 l\u2019exportation \u2013 Transmission du dossier de demande de remise \u00e0 la Commission europ\u00e9enne \u2013 Remise automatique des droits \u2013 Responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat membre \u2013 Irrecevabilit\u00e9 de la demande de d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9judicielle.#Affaire C-259\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n<\/p>\nJudgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 18 December 2025.CR and TP v Soledil Srl, sous concordat pr\u00e9ventif.Reference for a preliminary ruling \u2013 Consumer protection \u2013 Unfair terms in consumer contracts \u2013 Directive 93\/13\/EEC \u2013 Article 6(1) and Article 7(1) of that directive \u2013 Power of review and obligations of the national court \u2013 Penalty clause \u2013 No review of the court\u2019s own motion of whether that term is unfair \u2013 Res judicata \u2013 Principle of effectiveness \u2013 Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \u2013 Reliance on the unfairness of a contractual term before a court to which the case has been remitted following cassation.Case C-320\/24.<\/strong><\/h3>\n